A Guide to Evaluating Marine Spatial Plans - IOC Manuals and Guide no.70 (2017)
While the marine community has often talked about the importance of “marine governance” or “marine ecosystem-based management”, it is only during the past 10-12 years that these concepts have been turned into operational activities some of which have become known as “marine spatial planning” or MSP. Pioneered in Western Europe through the efforts of the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany, MSP activities have spread to about 40 countries throughout the world. Nine countries now have governmentapproved marine spatial plans covering their exclusive economic zones or territorial seas, and several of these are in their second or third generation of plan development and implementation.
A Guide to Evaluating Marine Spatial Plans - IOC Manuals and Guide no.70 (2017).pdf
