South China Sea (LME) - Results
GEF IDS: 597 , 2138 , 2188 , 2454 , 2700 , 2750
Ecosystem
Sea
Scale
Regional
Information sources
#597: UNDP Terminal Evaluation (1998), #2138: UNDP Terminal Evaluation (1998), #2188: GEF3 IW Tracking Tool (2010), #2188: IWC6 Results Note (2011),
#2454: UNDP Terminal Evaluation (2006), #2750: GEF4 IW Tracking Tool (2010)
Key Basin Project Results
[Coastal Management
"1. The Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS/SEA) was adopted by twelve participating PEMSEA countries in December 2003 after three years of extensive consultations.
2. Coastal and ocean policies have been initiated in four countries; draft coastal and ocean policies are being developed in six countries, Integrated Coastal Management coverage of the regional coastline has reached 11.7%, and the PEMSEA Network of Local Governments has adopted the State of Coasts (SOC) reporting system.
3. Piloting, replication and upscaling of a wide range of Integrated Coastal Management programmes is underway in over twenty sites across twelve PEMSEA participating countries." (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable)
[Agricultural Pollution]
"1. Standing pig population covered by farms having adopted the project’s livestock waste management systems has reached 726,000 compared to a target of 417,000.
2. Reduction of livestock-induced, land-based pollution flowing into the South China Sea
3. Replication strategies have been drafted and are being finalized for each beneficiary country at a provincial or district level." (#2188, East Asia Livestock)
Catalytic Impacts
The ICM working models developed in Xiamen and Batangas are already being applied or about to be applied elsewhere in the region. Three parallel sites have been established in China. Three similar sites in the Philippines are about to be established. The risk assessment approach provides an entry point for environmental management in the Malacca Straits. However, the interactive database need further development to become useful. The management atlas for Batangas Bay is a valuable tool to enable local governments to do integrated planning. The financial investment mechanism established at the two demonstration sites promote public sector-private sector partnership and is replicable elsewhere. The use of ICM demonstration sites as “laboratory” for coastal management should be replicated in all countries of the region. The model legislation on “Framework for national legislation for marine pollution” is a useful tool for countries wishing to improve their legislative framework to improve environmental management. (#2138, East Asian Seas Partnerships)
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Municipal wastewater pollution reduction
Year: N/A -
Value: 10-50% in demos
Implementation of ICM; Reductions in nutrient loadings ranging from 10-50% (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable)
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Industrial wastewater pollution reduction
Year: N/A -
Value: NA
The Laguna de Bay-Pasig River-Manila Bay Watershed IRBCAM project has provided decision-makers with forecasts of total biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrogen and phosphorus loadings in 58 sub-basins up to 2020. The project aims to strengthen investments in pollution reduction to eliminate hypoxia towards achieving the target of a “swimmable” Manila Bay. (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable)
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Agriculture pollution reduction practices
Year: N/A -
Value: 3,515,000 kg of N, 1,719,000 kg of P, 56,676,000 kg of COD and 25,080,000 kg of BOD
INDICATOR#1 Number of standing pig population covered by farms adopting level 2 livestock waste management systems with project support. [Target: 92,000 for Guangdong, China; 203,000 for Thailand; and 122,000 for Vietnam]Results to date: About 330,000 in China; 296,000 in Thailand; and about 100,000 in Vietnam INDICATOR#2 Reduced livestock production related emissions of pollutants in surface water systems in the project areas [Target: not specified, based on M&E] Results to date: Reduction of 3,515 ton of N, 1,719 ton of P, 56,676 ton of COD and 25,080 ton of BOD; INDICATOR#3 Reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD, COD and E. Coli bacteria discharge on demonstration sites once the LWM systems are established [Target: meet national standard for China and Thailand, reduced by 80% for Vietnam] Results to date: It was confirmed by all three countries that the respective national discharge standard has been met but no actual discharge from participating farms occurred; INDICATOR#4 Overall human health risk posed by pathogens, antibiotics and other residues at discharge level reduced [Target: 50%] Results to date: It was generally agreed by all three participating countries that the overall human health risk has been much reduced. However, no specific percentage has been collected and estimated which is very difficult to do. (#2188, East Asia Livestock) |
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Restored habitat, including wetlands
Year: N/A -
Value: NA
In line with the implementation of the Sihanoukville Coastal Use Zoning Scheme, the Preah Sihanouk province in Cambodia has established 18 protected area zones covering 2,201 ha of mangroves, seagrass and corals and establishment of a Protected Area in Kampong Smach (3,197 ha) of mangroves and mudflats is underway. From 2008 to 2010, the Quanzhou (China) government began to restore native mangrove habitats in areas of Quanzhou Bay affected by an alien invasive plant, Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). 150 ha of Spartina was removed, complemented by restoration of 134 ha of mangroves. Since 2000, mangrove habitat has increased to over 500 ha in Quanzhou Bay, making it the largest mangrove habitat along the southeast China coast. (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable) |
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Conserved/protected wetland, MPAs, and fish refugia habitat
Year: N/A -
Value: 5-10%
5-10% of habitats identified as protected areas and/or undergoing restoration; (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable)
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Establishment of country-specific inter-ministerial committees
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
primarily at national level for ICM sites (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable)
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Regional legal agreements and cooperation frameworks
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
Building on the Putrajaya Declaration of Regional Cooperation for Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia (2003), the Haikou Partnership Agreement on SDS-SEA Implementation (2006) and the Manila Declaration on Strengthening the Implementation of ICM for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Adaptation (2009), PEMSEA is working towards the adoption of sustainable ecosystem services for an ocean-based blue economy in the Seas of East Asia through the SDS-SEA implementation. To further strengthen the implementation of the SDS-SEA, PEMSEA developed national and regional SDS-SEA medium term plans (2011-2015). EAS countries have committed to three priority targets under the SDS-SEA: develop coastal and ocean policies, and supporting institutional arrangements in at least 70% of partner countries by 2015; adopt and implement Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) programmes covering at least 20% of the region’s coastline by 2015; and prepare State of Coasts (SOC) reports, including climate change adaptation measures. (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable) |
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Regional Management Institutions
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
Body: Partnerships for the Management of the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)
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National/Local reforms
Year: N/A -
Value: NA
[Coastal Management"Confirmed initiation or implementation of ICM program in 5% of the region's coastline; Certification/recognition of ICM system; Identification of protetcted areas and areas for restoration; Adoption of PSHEM Code for voluntary use as a standard for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of PSHEM System Coastal and ocean policies have been initiated in four countries; draft coastal and ocean policies are being developed in six countries (five with GEF funding), ICM coverage of the regional coastline has reached 11.7%, and the PEMSEA Network of Local Governments (PNLG) has adopted the SOC reporting system, committing 100% of its membership to implement the system by 2015. The EAS Partnership Council and the Executive Committee approved the following guidelines: the Port Safety, Health and Environmental Management (PSHEM) Code; the Port Safety, Health and Environmental Management System (PSHEMS) Development and Implementation Guideline; and the Guidebook on the State of the Coasts Reporting for Local Governments Implementing ICM. The PSHEMS is being rolled out in seven ports, co-financed by the port authorities, the GEF and the German Technical Cooperation (GIZ). " (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable) [Agricultural Pollution] "INDICATOR#1 Spatial distribution plans for livestock production and nutrient management plans for livestock waste developed and implemented [Target: Spatial distribution and nutrient management planscompleted/implemented] Results to date: China: completed in Guangdong; Thailand: completed in Ratchaburi; Vietnam: completed in Thuong Tin District INDICATOR#2 National (Guangdong in China) SPP implementing improved (leve 1 and 2) livestock waste management practices [Target: 50% in China (Guangdong); 40% in Thailand; and 50% in Vietnam] Results to date: China 70%; Thailand 40%; Vietnam 40%" (#2188, East Asia Livestock) |
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Development of Strategic Action Program (SAP)
Year: 2003 -
Value: YES
The Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS/SEA) was adopted by 12 participating PEMSEA countries in December, 2003, in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The SDS-SEA was developed after three years of extensive consultations with the 12 participating governments and 16 stakeholder partners, and embodies a shared vision among stakeholders towards achieving the sustainable use of coastal and marine natural resources, protection of the ecosystems, protection of life and property of the coastal population and sustaining the benefits provided by marine ecosystems. Action programs are developed under six major strategies: Sustain, Preserve, Protect, Develop, Implement and Communicate. In 2009, the Agreement Recognizing PEMSEA’s International Legal Personality was ratified by eight Country Partners: Cambodia, PR China, DPR Korea, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines, RO Korea, and Timor Leste formalising PEMSEA’s transformation into an independent legal entity tasked with coordinating and monitoring SDS/SEA implementation. (#2750, East Asian Seas Sustainable) |
GEF IDS: 2758
Scale
National
Country
Vietnam
Information sources
IWC6 Results Note (2011)
Key Basin Project Results
1. One civil works contract under implementation. Other remaining contract is under procurement. Around US$500,000 disbursed by the end of Aug.2011.
2. The capacity of the Project Manager and Service Providers has been improved i.e. around 50 staff have benefited from the training and project processing experiences.
3. Still in the construction stage, the project has attracted the interest and attention from related central/local governments, as well from local residents.
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Municipal wastewater pollution reduction
Year: N/A -
Value: [see desc]
The IDA project finances the constructions of drains, sewers in the core urban area of Quy Nhon, the wastewater treatment plant funded by GEF will treat the domestic wastewater collected by sewers financed by IDA. The GEF project comprises 3 components: (i) Construction of Chemically Enhanced Treatment Plant (CEPT); (ii) Public Communication and Replication Strategy; and (iii) Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. As designed, the GEF is under implementation stage in parallel with IDA project, the construction of CEPT wastewater treatment plant was divided into two (2) packages: • QN-2.1/CEPT.1A: for the access road and filling of the CEPT, commenced in March 2011 and is progressing satisfactorily; and • QN-2.1/CEPT.1B: for equipment of the CEPT is under bidding evaluation process will commence in late 2011. Activities under component 2 of Public Communication and Replication Strategy are being designed. INDICATOR#1-Completion stage of CEPT plant [2010-Initiate facilities construction; 2012-75% completed]: The infrastructure of the CEPT is under construction in good progress, the equipment of the CEPT is under bidding process which contract will be soon awarded, target possibly reached by end of 2011 or early 2012. INDICATOR#2-Number of workshops [2011-0] INDICATOR#3-Number of publications and presentations [2011-0] INDICATOR#4-Number of city to city learning event [2011-1, in July in Da lat City] |
GEF IDS: 2759
Scale
National
Country
Philippines
Information sources
GEF3 IW Tracking Tool (2010), IWC6 Results Note (2011)
Key Basin Project Results
1.Partnership Strengthening – Stakeholders Signing MOUs
2.Public Assessment of Water Services
3.Sewerage and Sanitation Master Plans Updated
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Establishment of country-specific inter-ministerial committees
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
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GEF IDS: 885
Ecosystem
LME
Scale
Regional
Information sources
IWC6 Results Note (2011), UNEP Terminal Evaluation (2009)
Key Basin Project Results
1. Eleven permanent seagrass monitoring sites were established near Bolinao; five on Santiago Island and six in coastal baranguays on the mainland.
2. Sites in Hepu and Bolinao were established as seagrass conservation sites, sustainable use zones, and seagrass sanctuaries, giving the flora in the area time to recover from previous degradation and prevent it from future damages.
3. In Hepu, a task force composed of over 300 people removed 50,000 illegal wooden posts, 1 shelter, and 13 illegal mollusk culture areas
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Restored habitat, including wetlands
Year: N/A -
Value: 60 ha
INDICATOR#1 (Cleanup of degraded areas) The Hepu Seagrass Demonstration Site mobilized a task force of over 300 people and 12 vessels which covered an area of 1,100 hectares and resulted in the removal of over 50,000 illegal wooden posts and one shelter and the cleaning of 13 illegal mollusk culture areas INDICATOR#2 (Sustainability of seagrass sites) At the Hepu seagrass demonstration site, 200 of the 300 available hectares of seagrass were designated as a sustainable use zone, while The local House of Representatives of Bintan adopted a spatial plan (Perda No. 14/2007) under which different zones were designated: a conservation zone for habitat protection with bans on resort and hotel construction, a buffer zone with specific regulations for each activity, and a general coastal tourism zone. A Bolinao Seagrass Sanctuary was created, covering 60 hectares of land, including a 20 ha. core zone and a 40 ha. buffer zone. INDICATOR#3 (Designation of land for conservation) A National Seagrass Nature Reserve was established in Hepu, and will be provided with permanent annual budget allocations to ensure financial stability. The mayor of Bolinao Municipality promulgated a series of municipal ordinances to create small scale marine protected areas and sanctuaries, including 8 for coral reefs, 8 for mangroves, and 1 for seagrass. |
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Reduced fishing pressure
Year: N/A -
Value: [see desc]
What has resulted from the work of the Regional Working Group on Fisheries is:• Regionally agreed ranked lists of the occurrence and transboundary significance of 58 pelagic and 29 demersal fish species, 15 cephalopods, and 18 crustaceans in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand; • Regionally agreed list of 82 threatened and near threatened species for the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand; • National meta-databases and GIS data relating to available information on fish stock status, fish early life history science, role of habitats as fish nursery and spawning areas, and management; • National reports on “Fish Stocks and Habitats of Regional, Global and Transboundary Significance in the South China Sea” in both English and national languages; • National and local language awareness programmes and materials on responsible fishing practices and the role of habitats in sustaining fisheries; • Criteria for defining fisheries refugia; • Intergovernmentally approved guidelines for the establishment of fisheries refugia that constitute part of the ASEAN SEAFDEC Regional Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries in Southeast Asia; 21 of 169 Terminal Report of the UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project • Identification and characterisation of 52 known spawning and nursery areas of which 14 are currently under development as the initial set of refugia and a further 9 that have been accorded high priority for development as refugia once the initial set have been approved; • Regional training packages on fish early life history science and fisheries refugia management, and a regional network of larval fish scientists; • A set of 21 regionally agreed resource and institutional indicators for use in assessing the effectiveness of fisheries habitat management measures in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand; • An online Fisheries Refugia Information Portal (http://refugia.unepscs.org) for which management responsibility has been transferred to the SEAFDEC Secretariat; and • Costed regional and national plans for the operation of the regional system of fisheries from 2009-2013, and a GEF project proposal for funding to support the revised fisheries component of the Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea. |
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National/Local reforms
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
INDICATOR#2 (Addressing land-based pollution)The main outputs which dealt with counteracting land pollution included creating seven (7) national reports on land based pollution in the participating countries, six (6) National Action Programs for addressing the issues of land-based pollution, an overview of land-based pollution problems in the South China Sea, a model for riverine inputs of nutrients that can be used in management decision making, and the identification of areas sensitive to inputs of nutrients from rivers bordering the South China Sea. |
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Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis: Agreement on transboundary priorities and root causes
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
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Development of Strategic Action Program (SAP)
Year: N/A -
Value: YES
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GEF IDS: 3188
Scale
National
Country
Indonesia
Information sources
GEF4 IW Tracking Tool (2010), GEF5 Tracking Tool (2012), UNEP Terminal Evaluation (2012)
Key Basin Project Results
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Catalytic Impacts
There is strong support from the villagers and from government agencies that will likely sustain the management of seagrass meadows in East Bintan. The management regulations emanate from national laws and they are supported by District Officials. The National Government and the District Government of Bintan have allocated some amount for supporting the seagrass sanctuaries (e.g., for markers, buoys, monitoring parameters in the sanctuaries with partners). There is tremendous public support for the conservation of seagrass meadows (evident in signs, adoption of dugong – a marine mammal feeding on seagrasses – as the icon for Bintan District, local poetry).
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Restored habitat, including wetlands
Year: N/A -
Value: 2600 ha
about 2,600 ha of seagrass areas conserved. the East Bintan coast covering areas of + 2,600 ha is declared as conservation areas, within which 5 seagrass sanctuaries in 4 villages. Each of the seagrass sanctuaries is protected under a village decree signed by the Head of the Village. To create an environment for sustainable economic activities in the project demonstration areas, knowledge and skill development programs for implementing alternative income generation have been provided for participating communities in the seagrass conservation areas.
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Conserved/protected wetland, MPAs, and fish refugia habitat
Year: N/A -
Value: [see desc]
Demonstration on a set of interventions to stress reduction measures effective at a regionally significant sea grass habitat in Bintan through establishment of appropriate institutional arrangements to ensure a wide range of relevant stakeholder participating in decision making; increased awareness and improved management capacity support for the importance of seagrass habitats and associated ecosystems; and implementation of environment for sustainable economic activities such as sustainable tourism and other types of alternative income generation options for local communities.By the end of 2010, about 2 hectares of seagrass area from each villages in Malang Rapat and Berakit villages to be designated as the future location of seagrass sanctuaries - area of uncontrolled soil/sand mining on land and seabed reduced by 50 %; amount of solid waste littered on the beach reduced by 20 %; Number of destructive fishing reduced at least by 50 %; and at least one community-based seagrass sanctuary established by each of three selected villages. |
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Alternative livelihoods introduced
Year: N/A -
Value: 50 people
more than 50 people in 4 coastal villages provided alternative livelihoods
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Regional legal agreements and cooperation frameworks
Year: N/A -
Value: NAP
The East Bintan Collaborative Management Board (EBCoMBo) was established in early 2008 and is composed of a broad range of stakeholders (Government agencies, industry, villagers, academicians, and scientists). The Board decided to revise the meetings’ frequency from quarterly to semi-annual (every 6 month), as few substantive matters arose for review and decision-making at that frequency. The Board reviewed and adopted the East Bintan Coastal Resources Management Plan (EBCRMP), the Eastern Coastal Area of Bintan Zoning Plan, and East Bintan Plan for Sustainable Tourism Plan (EBSTP, also mentioned under Component 3). Ecological and socio-economic studies and legal reviews were conducted and results were useful. The Community-based Seagrass Management Plan (CSMP) was passed, and Community Management Groups were formed in Teluk Bakau, Malang and Berakit Villages, adjacent to the selected sites, by local decrees to implement the management plan.
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