| 1 Authors/name of the study/year | 2 Marine or freshwater ecosystems | 3 Specific ecosystems covered | 4 Ecosystem and study area characteristics | 5 Ecosystem services covered | 6 Valuation Method(s) used | 7 Values per area (i.e. per hectare) monetary unit used (year) | 8 Monetary unit used, and which year | 9 Socio-economic characteristics: population density of the area (low/medium/high) | 10 Socio-economic characteristics: per capita income (national level 2015) | 11 Socio-Economic characteristic: urban/urban catchment/rural area | 12 Socio-Economic characteristic: area is economically (agriculture, fishery etc.) used Y/N | 13 Socio-Economic characteristic: density of use by tourists/visitors (highly visited/medium/rarely visited). | 14 Warm or cold-water ecosystem |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barbier/ Koch/ Silliman/ Hacker/ Wolanski/ Primavera/ Granek/Polasky/ Aswani/ Cramer/ Stoms/ Kennedy/ Bael/ Kappel/Perillo/ Reed (2008): COASTAL ECOSYSTEM- BASED MANAGEMENT WITH NONLINEAR ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND VALUES | Marine | Mangroves | Alternative comparison of shrimp farming to various mangrove services at coastal landscape level (10 km2), Thailand | Moderation of extreme events (e.g. floods, storms) | Moderation of extreme events: Cost-based approach | Moderation of extreme events: around US$ 3 million/km2/yr or US$ 30,000/ha/yr |
US$, 1996 | High | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Barbier/Hacker/Kennedy/Koch/Stier/ Silliman (2011): THE VALUE OF ESTUARINE AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES | Marine | Coral reefs Seagrass beds/meadows Salt marshes Mangroves Beaches/dunes |
- | Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection) Climate regulation Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (including nursery service for commercially valuable fish species) Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost, damage cost avoided. Water/sewage treatment: Damage cost avoided, Replacement cost. Climate regulation: market prices, citation from Chmura/Anisfeld/Cahoon/ Lynch 2003: Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils). Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: citation from Bell 1997: The economic valuation of saltwater marsh supporting marine recreational fishing in the southeastern United States. |
Moderation of extreme events: *Coral reefs: US$174/ha/yr for the Indian Ocean (US$, 1998) *Salt marshes: US$ 8,236/ha/yr in reduced hurricane damages (US$, 2008) *Mangroves: US$ 8,966 –10,821/ha value for storm protection (Thailand) (US$, 2007) Climate regulation: *Salt marshes: US$30.50/ha/yr (US$ 2000) *Mangroves: US$30.50/ha/yr (US$, 2000) Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: *Coral reefs: US$15–45,000/ km2/ yr (US$ 0,15-450/ha/yr) for sustainable fishing for local consumption and $5–10,000/ km2/yr (US$ 0.05- 100/ha/yr) for live-fish export in the Philippines (US$, 2000) *Seagrass beds: loss of 12,700 ha of seagrass in Australia is associated with lost fishery production of AU$235,000 (AU$, 2006) *Salt marshes: US$6,471/acre and $981/acre capitalized value for recreational fishing for the east and west coasts, respectively, of Florida, USA (US $ respectively 1997 and 991) *Mangroves: US$ 708-$987/ha capitalized value of increased offshore fishery production, Thailand (US$, 2007) Opportunities for tourism/recreation: *Beaches/dunes: US$166/trip or $1574/visiting household/year for North Carolina beaches, USA (US$, 2009) |
Various - see respective value in column G | Various | Philippines: 7,282 Int$ Australia: 47,644 Int$ Seychelles: 26,677 Int$ USA: 56,084 Int$ UK: 41,499 Int$ Thailand: 16,130 Int$ |
Various | Various | Various | Warm |
| Koch/ Barbier/ Silliman/ Reed/ Perillo/ Hacker/ Granek/ Primavera/ Muthiga/ Polasky/ Halpern/ Kennedy/ Kappel/ Wolanski (2009): NON-LINEARITY IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN COASTAL PROTECTION | Marine | Mangroves | Data collected in Vietnam, where plantations of K candel and Sonneratia sphave been planted as coastal defense against typhoon waves. | Moderation of extreme events (e.g. floods, storms) | Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost avoided | Moderation of extreme events: *For Sonneratia sp (marginal value per km2): 3km2 mangrove area: mid tide- US$11,972,379 (119,74/ha) high tide - US$6,098,261 (60,983/ha) 10 km2 mangrove area: mid tide- US$15,940,572 (154,905.72/ha) high tide - US$14,866,645 (148,666.45/ha) *For K candel: (marginal value per ha): 3km2 mangrove area: mid tide- US$ 7,149,601 (71,496.01/ha) 10 km2 mangrove area: mid tide- US$14,317,997 (143,179.97/ha) |
US$, 1996 | High | Vietnam: 6,037 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Kallesøe/ Bambaradeniya/ Iftikhar/ Ranasinghe/ Miththapala (2008): LINKING COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING: LEARNING FROM CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS [CASE STUDIES ON TSUNAMI AFFECTED SRI LANKA AND THAILAND] | Marine | Mangroves Coral reefs Seagrass beds/meadows |
Sri Lanka: Kumana National Park covering 18,196 ha including 626ha of wetlands. Thailand: extensive mangroves covering 14km2 out of 315km2 in the Laemson National Park. |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (including nursery service for commercially valuable fish species) Moderation of extreme events (e.g. floods, storms) Climate regulation (Carbon sequestration) Sewage treatment (Pollution treatment) Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Production function approach Other ecosystem services: no information |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (Thailand): Fish nursery for Ban Naca: US$ 995-1,975/ ha/yr Fish nursery for Ban Bangman: US$ 2,462-4,887/ ha/yr Total average value: US$ 1,946/ha/ye Moderation of extreme events: Sri Lanka (mangroves): US$ 76.8/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 75.5/ha/yr Sewage treatment: US$ 4,494/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 933/ha/yr |
US$, 2008 | Low | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ |
Rural | No | Highly visited | Warm |
| Emerton (2014): ASSESSING, DEMONSTRATING AND CAPTURING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF MARINE COASTAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE BAY OF BENGAL LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM | Marine | Marine (open sea) Mangroves Coral reefs |
Total Bay of Bengal area around 1,2 million km2. Mangroves cover an area of 15,792 km2, and coral reefs 8,471 km2. | Erosion prevention (shoreline stabilization and erosion control) Moderation of extreme events Water/sewage treatment (Wastewater processing, sediment trapping) Climate regulation Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (nursery service) |
Erosion prevention: Mitigative expenditure Moderation of extreme events: Replacement cost, Benefit transfer from different studies Water/sewage treatment: Replacement cost, Benefit transfer from different studies Climate regulation: Market prices Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Effects on production |
Erosion prevention: *Mangroves: US$ 2,706/ha (total 4,273 million) *Coral reefs: US$ 1,005/ha (total 851 million) Moderation of extreme events: *Mangroves: US$ 690/ha (total 1 089 million) *Coral reefs: US$ 1,413/ha (total 1 197 million) Water/ sewage treatment: *Protection against saline intrusion: US$ 554/ha (total 859 million) *Wastewater processing and sediment trapping: US$ 1,220/ha (total 1,926 million) Climate regulation: *Sequestration: US$ 290/ha/yr *Avoided emissions: US$ 201/ha/yr Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: *Mangrove dependent species: US$ 16,259 million (10,295 US$/ha/yr) *Coral-reef dependent species: US$ 4,990 million (5,890 US$/ha/yr) |
US$, 2014 | Bay of Bengal area in general: high(450 million people/ 1.2 million km2) | Maldives: 14,895 Int$ Malaysia: 26,211 Int$ Thailand: 16,130 Int$ Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ India: 6,187 US$ Myanmar: 5,480 Int$ Indonesia: 11,149 Int$ |
Various | Yes | Various | Various |
| Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005): ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING: WETLANDS | Marine Freshwater |
Other inland wetlands Marshes |
Evaluation on worldwide scale | Moderation of extreme events | Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost avoided | Moderation of extreme events: Thailand: US$ 1,000/ha – US $ 36,000/ha (US$, 2005) Canada: (marshes) US$ 5,800/ ha |
US$, 2005 | Various | Canada: 45,602 Int$ Thailand: 16,130 Int$ |
Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Turpie/ Smith/ Emerton/ Barnes (1999): ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE ZAMBEZI BASIN WETLANDS | Freshwater | Whole river basin Other inland wetlands |
4 sites: the Barotse wetlands, the eastern Caprivi wetlands, the lower Shire wetlands, the Zambezi Delta. Barotse Floodplain: 550,000 hectares, mainly grasslands, some swamp forest. Lower Shire: 669 770 ha study area: 243 000 ha. |
Moderation of extreme events Climate regulation Water/sewage treatment |
Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost avoided Erosion prevention: damage cost avoided Climate regulation: Benefit transfer from Pearce 1990. Water/sewage treatment: replacement cost (from Rogers et al., 1995) |
Moderation of extreme events: *Barotse floodplains: Flood attenuation value of wetland: US$ 1,350,000 (US$ 2.45/ha/event) (US$, 1999) *Lower Shire: Flood attenuation value of wetland: US$ 2.7 million (US$, 1999) (US$ 11.11/ha/yr) Climate regulation: US $ 1,300/ha (US$, 1990) Water/sewage treatment: Two wetlands: 15,208/ha/yr -58,982/ha/yr (US$, 1995) |
Various - see respective value in column G | Generally high. | Southern Africa average: 6,107 Int$ (Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi) | Rural | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| IUCN (2003): WAZA LOGONE FLOODPLAIN CAMEROON: ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF WETLANDS RESTORATION | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | The Waza Logone floodplain covers an area of around 8,000 km2. | Moderation of extreme events | Damage cost | Incremental net benefit of floodplain re-inundation: EUR 871,500/yr (109 EUR/km²) |
EUR, 2002 | Medium (40ppl/km2) | Cameroon: 3,148 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| Emerton/ Iyango/ Luwum/ Malinga (1998): THE PRESENT ECONOMIC VALUE OF NAKIVUBO URBAN WETLAND, UGANDA | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Urban wetland: 5.29km2 | Water/sewage treatment Nutrient cycling |
Water/sewage treatment: Replacement cost Nutrient cycling: Market prices |
Water/ sewage treatment: Costs of improving sewerage and sanitation facilities: USh 97.59 MILLION/yr (Ugandan Shilling, 1991) or US$ 130,000/yr (US$ 24,575/km2/yr) Investment and recurrent costs of sewage treatment plant: 1,500.29 million/yr (Ugandan Shilling, 1989) or US$ 6.72 million/yr (US$1.27 million/km2/yr) Investment and recurrent costs of water treatment plant: USh 2,664.13 million/yr (Ugandan Shilling, 1989) or US$ 11.94 million/yr (US$ 2.26 million/km2/yr) Costs of reticulating Nakivubo Channel outflow: USh 350.10 million/yr or US$ 280,000 (US$ 52,930/km2/yr) (Ugandan Shilling , 1998) |
Various - see respective value in column G | Urban area: high | Uganda: 2,002 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| Emerton/ Kekulandala (2003): ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF MUTHURAJAWELA WETLAND | Freshwater | Other inlands wetlands | 3,068ha of pristine wetland. | Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species Moderation of extreme events Climate regulation Opportunities for tourism/recreation Water/sewage treatment |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: effects on production Moderation of extreme events: replacement cost Climate regulation: Damage cost avoided Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Travel cost Water/sewage treatment: Human capital |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Rs 20 million or US$ 72/ha/yr Moderation of extreme events: US$ 1,758/ha/yr Flood attenuation: Rs 485.51 million/yr or US$ 17.66/ha/yr Water/sewage treatment: Industrial sewage treatment: Rs 162.31 million /yr or US$ 5-16/ha/yr Domestic sewage treatment: Rs 4.32 million /yr or US$ 0.16/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Rs 5.28 million /yr or US$ 0.19/ha/yr Climate regulation: Rs 0.78 million /yr or US$ 87.06/yr |
Rs, 2003 US$, 2003 |
Low | Sri Lanka: 10,590 int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Gerrard (2004): INTEGRATING WETLAND ECSYSTEM VALUES INTO URBAN PLANNING: THE CASE STUDY OF THAT LUANG MARSH, VIENTIANE, LAO PDR | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Densely settled, population of 161,000 people in its core urban area, total area of 30 000 km2, the largest remaining wetland in Vientiane, marsh itself covers an area of 20 km2 | Moderation of extreme events Water/sewage treatment |
Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost avoided Water/sewage treatment: Replacement cost |
Moderation of extreme events (for the whole Vientiane area): $US 531,280 in 1989 $US 18,566,305 in 2020 (US$, 2004) US$ 2,842,000/yr by 2020 Water/sewage treatment: $US 70,088/yr (for an area of 1,933 ha, value per ha: $US 36/yr) |
US$, 2004 | High in the core area, rest of the wetland low | Laos: 5,351 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| Costanza/ Perez-Maqueo/ Martinez/ Sulton/ Anderson/ Mulder (2008): THE VALUE OF COASTAL WETLANDS FOR HURRICANE PROTECTION | Marine Freshwater |
Coastal wetlands | - | Moderation of extreme events | Moderation of extreme Events: Damage cost (hurricane influence on GDP) | Mean of the total annual values: US$ 1.2 BLN/yr Total annual sum: US$ 23.2 BLN Annual range: US$ 250/ha/yr- US$ 5,100/ha/yr Loss of 1 ha of wetland= US$ 33,000 State in the hurricane swath: From US$ 126/ha/yr (Louisiana) to 586 845/ha/yr (New York) |
US$, 2008 | High | USA: 56,048 Int$ | Various | Various | Various | Warm |
| Deloitte Access Economics (2013): ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE GREAT BARRIER REEF | Marine | Coral reefs | The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef ecosystem, 350,000 km² in size. | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Research and education |
Research and education: economic contribution of a wide range of institutions | Research and education: Direct expenditure AU$106.1 million in 2012 Value-added: AU$98 million in 2012 |
AU$, 2012 | Not applicable | Australia: 47,644 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Emerton/Bos (2004): COUNTING ECOSYSTEMS AS AN ECONOMIC PART OF DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | - | Moderation of extreme events Erosion prevention |
Moderation of extreme events: no information (citation from Triel et al. 1998) Erosion prevention: no information |
Moderation of extreme events: Thailand: $3,000/ha/year South of Vietnam: $50/ha/yr Erosion prevention: $600/household/yr |
US$, 2001 | High (as mentioned in the study) | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ Vietnam: 6,037 Int$ |
Various | Various | Various | Warm |
| Sathirathai/ Barbier (2001): VALUING MANGROVE CONSERVATION IN SOUTHERN THAILAND | Marine | Mangroves | Region particularly attractive for shrimp farming the Tha Po village has presently a population of 625 people | Moderation of extreme events (coastline protection) | Moderation of extreme events: replacement cost | Moderation of extreme events: US$ 3,679/ha |
US$, 2001 | Medium | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Various | Warm |
| Emerton (2014): VALUING INVESTING IN ECOSYSTEMS AS DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR CLIMATE-COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENT IN COASTAL ZONES OF KENYA SRI LANKA [SRI LANKA CASE STUDY] | Marine | Mangroves | - | Water/sewage treatment Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (nursery service) Climate regulation |
Water/sewage treatment: replacement cost Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Effects on production Climate regulation: Market prices |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: US$ 2,421/ha/yr Water/ sewage treatment: US$ 762/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 217/ha/yr |
US$, 2014 | Medium-high | Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Emerton (2014): VALUING INVESTING IN ECOSYSTEMS AS DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR CLIMATE-COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENT IN COASTAL ZONES OF KENYA SRI LANKA [KENYA CASE STUDY] | Marine | Mangroves | Coastal mangroves | Erosion prevention Moderation of extreme events Climate regulation Opportunities for tourism/recreation Spiritual Experience and Education |
Erosion prevention: Mitigative expenditures Moderation of extreme events: replacement cost Climate regulation: market prices Opportunities for recreation/tourism: Market prices Spiritual Experience and Education: Market prices |
Erosion prevention: US$ 20.81/meter/yr, US$ 395/ha/yr Moderation of extreme events: US$ 52.16/meter/yr, US$ 35/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 10/tCO2, US$ 251/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation & Spiritual Experience and Education: US$ 41/ha/yr |
US$, 2014 | High | Kenya: 3,218 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Schuyt/ Brander (2004): THE ECONOMIC VALUES OF THE WORLD’S WETLANDS | Marine Freshwater |
Wetlands | Meta-Analysis of 89 studies: 246 separate observations of wetland value were extracted and standardized to 2000 US$/ha/yr. | Moderation of extreme events (floods) Water/sewage treatment Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Meta-Analysis | Median wetland economic values worldwide: Moderation of extreme events: US$ 464/ha/yr Water/sewage treatment: US$ 288/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 492/ha/yr |
US$, 2000 | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Samonte-Tan/ White/ Tercero/ Diviva/ Tabara/ Caballes (2007): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES: BOHOL MARINE TRIANGLE, PHILIPPINES | Marine | Mangroves Beaches/dunes Marine (open sea) Coral reefs |
The Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) spans over 112,000 ha and includes the three islandsof Panglao (9,000 ha), Pamilacan (200 ha) and Balicasag (25 ha) in three municipalities. | Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (nursery service) Erosion prevention Opportunities for tourism/recreation Research and education |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Effect on production Erosion protection: Replacement cost Opportunities for recreation/tourism: Market prices Research: Market prices |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Mangrove: US$ 243/ha/yr Erosion protection: Mangrove: US$ 672/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Coral reefs: US$ 405-1,625/ha/yr Beach: US$ 1,004,222/yr Marine: US$ 14,722/yr Research and education: US$ 32-111/ha/yr |
US$, 2007 | High (on the islands/in coastal areas)Marine: not applicable | Philippines: 7,282 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Highly visited | Various |
| Laurans/ Pascal/ Binet/ Brander/ Clua/ David/ Rojat/ Seidl (2013): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM CORAL REEFS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: TAKING STOCK OF RECENT EXPERIENCE | Marine | Coral reefs | 6 case studies (values transferred to Int$) | Erosion prevention (coastal protection) Opportunities for tourism/recreation Research and education |
Contingent valuation (values taken from different case studies and transferred to Int$) | Erosion prevention: Int’l$ 350/ha/yr (Fiji) Int’l$ 394/ha/yr (New Caledonia) Int’l$ 38/ha/yr (Vanuatu) Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Int’l$ 2/ha/yr (Fiji) Recreational fishery: Int’l$ 55/ha/yr (New Caledonia) Underwater and nautical tourism: Int’l$ 20/ha/yr (New Caledonia) Associated tourism: Int’l$ 42/ha/yr (New Caledonia) Associated tourism: Int’l$ 179/ha/yr (Vanuatu) Underwater and nautical tourism: Int’l$ 939/ha/yr (Hawaii) Associated tourism: Int’l$ 1,889/ha/yr (Hawaii) Research and education: Int’l$ 8/ha/yr (New Caledonia) |
International $, 2009 | Low | Fiji: 9,052 Int$ New Caledonia: 38,800 Int$ (2012) Vanuatu: 2,600 Int$ USA: 56,048 Int$ |
Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Ledoux/ Turner (2002): VALUING OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCES: A REVIEW OF PRACTICAL EXAMPLES AND ISSUES FOR FURTHER ACTION | Marine | Coral reefs Mangroves |
- | Erosion prevention (coastal protection) Water/sewage treatment Opportunities for tourism/recreation Nutrient cycling |
Review of other studies | Coral reefs: Erosion prevention: US$ 2,570/ha/yr Water/sewage treatment: US$ 58/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 3 008/ha/yr Mangroves: Erosion prevention: US$ 1,839/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: US$ 6,696/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 9,990/ha/yr |
US$, 2002 | World values, not applicable | Not applicable | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| UNEP (2007): PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF NATIONAL REGIONAL ECONOMIC VALUES FOR GOODS AND SERVICES AND TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUES OF COASTAL HABITATS IN THE CONTEXT OF UNEP/GEF PROJECT: “REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND | Marine | Mangroves Coral reefs Seagrass beds/meadows Coastal wetlands |
- | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Erosion prevention (coastal protection) Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) Nutrient cycling (sediment retention) Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species Research and education |
Review of other studies | Mangroves: Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 43.3 /ha/yr Erosion prevention (coastal protection): US$ 444 /ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 89.3/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: US$ 66.5 /ha/yr Coral reefs: Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 1,043/ha/yr Erosion prevention: US$ 383.8/ha/yr Seagrass: Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 153.20 /ha/yr Erosion prevention: US$ 58.41/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 0.06 /ha/yr Coastal Wetlands: Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 8.84 /ha/yr Research and education: US$ 4.61/ha/yr Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: US$ 1.80 /ha/yr |
US$, 2005 | Medium-high populated coastal areas. | Average South China Sea/Gulf of Thailand: 9,573 Int$ (China, Philippines,Indonesia,Cambodia,Thailand,Vietnam) | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| UNEP-WMCM (2011): MARINE AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES. VALUATION METHODS AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION | Marine Freshwater |
Various marine and freshwater ecosystems | Several case studies | Moderation of extreme events Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost avoided, cost-based approach Opportunities for tourism/recreation: value added |
Moderation of extreme events: Restoration costs with a present value of around $9,000 per ha Present value of flood protection: US$11,000/ha/yr (Thailand US$, 2009) Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Value added because of the National Park: US$ 5,050,000 (5.05 US$/ha) (Wadden Sea US$, 2008) |
Various - see respective value in column G | Various | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ Germany/Netherlands (Wadden Sea): 48,300 Int$ |
Various | Various | Various | Various |
| WWF (2008): THE VALUE OF OUR OCEANS- THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS | Marine | Coral reefs Salt marshes |
- | Erosion prevention Climate regulation Nutrient cycling |
Review of other studies | Coral reefs: Erosion prevention: US$ 23,100 to US$ 270,000/km2/yr (US$ 231 to US$ 2,700/ha/yr) Salt Marshes: Erosion prevention: *A 80m wide salt marsh stretch could provide savings on costs for sea defence of US$ 0.76 million to US$ 1.42 million/ha in investment costs, and US$ 14,182/ha/yr in maintenance costs. (US$ 2002) *US$ 464/ha/yr (US$, 1997) |
Various - see respective value in column G | Low for open sea and coral reefs. Mangroves: medium populated coastal areas. |
Not applicable | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Weatherdon/ Magnan/ Rogers/ Sumaila/ Cheung (2016): OBSERVED AND PROJECTED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MARINE FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE, COASTAL TOURISM AND HUMAN HEALTH: AN UPDATE | Marine | Marine (open sea) | - | Climate regulation | Climate regulation: benefit transfer (Fanning, 2014). | Climate regulation: Laguna de Rocha (16.500 ha): EUR 178,487/yr to EUR 290,540/yr or EUR 10.82/ha/yr to EUR 17.6/ha/yr |
EUR, 2016 | Not applicable | Uruguay: 21,341 Int$ | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Leisher/van Beukering/ Scherl (2007): NATURE’S INVESTMENT BANK. HOW MARINE PROTECTED AREAS CONTRIBUTE TO POVERTY REDUCTION | Marine | Marine (open sea) | 4 case studies, two of relevance: Bunaken National Park, Indonesia: 89 000 ha Apo Island, Philippines: 74 ha) | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: focus group discussions, market prices | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Bunaken National Park between 2001 and 2004: US$420,000 was generated by entrance fees, US$6 /person/day Apo Island, Philippines: US$ 7.60/person/day |
US$, 2013 | Low | Indonesia: 11,149 Int$ Philippines: 7,282 Int$ |
Rural | Various | Various | Various |
| Burke/ Greenhalgh/ Prager/ Cooper (2008): COASTAL CAPITAL-ECONOMIC VALUATION OF CORAL REEFS IN TOBAGO AND ST. LUCIA | Marine | Coral reefs | Shoreline Protection by coral reefs: Tobago: 300 km2, St Lucia: 610km2 | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Erosion prevention (shoreline stabilization) |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Market prices, contingent valuation, travel cost Erosion prevention (shoreline stabilization): Damage cost avoided |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation Caribbean: US$3.1 BLN - US$4.6 BLN/yr in 2000 Tobago: US$ 101 million – 130 million in 2006 St Lucia: US$ 160 million – 194 million in 2006 Erosion prevention (shoreline protection): Tobago: US$ 18 million – 33 million in 2007 (around 600 US$/ha minimum) St Lucia: US$ 28 million – 50 million in 2007 (around 460 US$/ha minimum) |
US$, 2007 | Not applicable | St Lucia: 11,710 Int$ Trinidad and Tobago: 32,573 Int$ |
Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Barbier (2007): VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AS PRODUCTIVE INPUTS | Marine | Mangroves | - | Moderation of extreme events | Moderation of extreme events: damage cost, Replacement cost | Moderation of extreme events: Replacement cost US$ 14,169/yr/ha. The costs of rehabilitating mangrove ecosystems on land that has been converted to shrimp farms and then abandoned: US$8,812 to US$9,318/ha Total value of mangrove ecosystem: US$ 10,158- US$ 12,392/ha |
US$, 1996 | Thailand: High | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| IUCN (2007): ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC VALUE OF MANGROVES IN TSUNAMI AFFECTED AREAS | Marine | Mangroves | Study conducted in Panama village, on the banks of the Wila Oya River (Sri Lanka) | Moderation of extreme events Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (nursery service) |
Moderation of extreme events: Replacement cost, damage cost avoided, review of other studies Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species:review of other studies, market prices |
Overall environmental and Socio Economic Value of Mangroves in Tsunami Affected Areas: US$ 392.5/ha/yr Moderation of extreme events: Kala Oya estuary: US$ 440/ha/yr Surat Thani, South of Thailand: US$ 239/ha/yr Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: Mangroves in Kiralakele, Maduganga and Ranweli villages: US$ 218/ha/yr Kala Oya estuary: US$ 640/ha/yr Surat Thani, Thailand: US$ 9/ha/yr |
US$, 2007 | High | Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ Thailand: 16,130 Int$ |
Urban catchment | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Gunawardena/ Rowan (2005): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF A MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM THREATENED BY SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN SRI LANKA | Marine | Mangroves | - | Moderation of extreme events | Moderation of extreme events: replacement cost | Moderation of extreme events: US$ 300/ha/yr |
US$, 2005 | High | Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Kairo/ Wanjiru/ Ochiewo (2009): NET PAY: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A REPLANTED MANGROVE PLANTATION IN KENYA | Marine | Mangroves | - | Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) Opportunities for tourism/recreation Education and research |
Climate regulation: Market prices Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Market price Education and research: research fund/expenditures |
Climate regulation: US$ 44.42/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: ecotourism: US$9.30/ha/yr Education and research: US$770.23/ha/yr |
US$, 2009 | Medium | Kenya: 3,218 Int$ | Various | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| O’Garra (2012): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF TRADITIONAL FISHING GROUND ON THE CORAL COAST IN FIJI | Marine | Coral reefs Mangroves |
The Navaku area covers 580km2 of land and 18,5km2 of coastal waters. | Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection) | Moderation of extreme events: Replacement cost and benefit transfer | Moderation of extreme events: Coral reefs and mangroves: US$ 990,721/8km coastline/yr (123,840/km coastline/yr) Mangroves: US$ 145,349/km2/yr |
US$, 2006 | Medium populated coastal areas | Fiji: 9,052 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Lal (2003): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MANGROVES AND DECISION-MAKING IN THE PACIFIC | Marine | Mangroves | - | Erosion prevention Nutrient cycling Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) |
Erosion prevention: replacement cost Nutrient cycling: Production function approach Climate regulation: unclear |
Erosion prevention: Indonesia: US$ 3/ha/yr Thailand: US$ 2,990/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: Fiji: US$ 2,600/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 86/ha/yr (global value) |
US$, 2003 | Medium populated coastal areas | Indonesia: 11,149 Int$ Thailand: 16,130 Int$ Fiji: 9,052 Int$ |
Various | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Vo Quoc Tuan (2013): VALUATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS ALONG THE COAST OF THE MEKONG DELTA IN VIETNAM. AN APPROACH COMBINING SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND REMOTE SENSING METHODS | Marine | Mangroves | Ca Mau province | Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) Erosion prevention (coastal protection) |
Climate regulation: review of other studies Erosion prevention: replacement cost |
Ca Mau mangrove total value: US$ 3,000/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 620/ha/yr Erosion prevention: Mean: US$ 470,000/km1,000m distance to the coastline: US$ 7,904/ha/yr 3,000m distance to the coastline: US$ 1,651/ha/yr 4,000m distance to the coastline: US$ 450/ha/yr |
US$, 2013 | Highly populated coastal areas | Vietnam: 6,037 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| Nguyen Hoang Tri 2000: Valuation of the Can Gio mangroves, Vietnam: FINAL REPORT | Marine | Mangroves | 21,000 ha of pristine mangroves (nature reserve). | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Aesthetic Information/Inspiration values (Existence values) |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Travel cost Aesthetic Information/ Inspiration values: Contingent valuation |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Foreign tourists: VND 324.8 million /yr (VND 15,466.66/ha/yr or US$ 1.41/ha/yr) Domestic tourists: VND 3,148 million /yr (VND 149 904.76/ha/yr or UD$ 13.67/ha/yr) Existence values: VND 899,154 million /yr (VND 42,816,857.14/ha/yr or US$ 3,905/ha/yr) |
Vietnamese Dong, 1994 US$, 1994 |
Low | Vietnam: 6,037 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| De la Hera/ Fornés/ Bernués (2011): ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF INLAND WETLANDS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE EU WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION IN SPAIN | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | The Tablas de Daimiel National Park is located in the region of La Mancha in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, area of 1,928 ha, and a Special Protection Area for Birds | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: contingent valuation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: EUR 228.1 - 279.3/ha/year |
EUR, 2011 | Low | Spain: 34,861 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Medium | Cold |
| Ahmed/ Umali/ Chong/ Rull/ Garcia (2005): VALUING THE RECREATIONAL AND CONSERVATION BENEFITS OF CORAL REEFS IN BOLINAO, PHILIPPINES | Marine | Coral reefs | Located in the northwestern tip of the Luzon Island, the municipality of Bolinao covers an area of about 23,320 ha, of which 8,000 ha are coral reefs. | Non-use values | Non-use values: contingent valuation/willingness to pay for improvement of reef quality | WTP: US$ 0.45/individual/visit or US$ 1.60/individual/yr Total: US$ 33,695.9/yr (US$ 4.21/ha/yr) |
US$, 2005 | Not applicable | Philippines: 7,282 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Burke/ Selig/ Spalding (2002): REEFS AT RISK IN SOUTHEAST ASIA | Marine | Coral reefs | Coral reefs in SE Asia | Erosion prevention (coastal protection) Opportunities for tourism/recreation Aesthetic information |
Erosion prevention (coastal protection) Opportunities for tourism/recreation Aesthetic information |
Potential sustainable economic net benefits: Erosion prevention: US$ 5,500- 110,000/km2/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 700- 111,000/km2/yr Aesthetic value (Willingness to pay): US$ 2,400- 8,000/km2/yr |
US$, 2002 | Not applicable | SE Asia average: 15,100 Int$ (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Cambodia) | Various | Various | Various | Warm |
| IUCN (2003): REGIONAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN SOUTH ASIA. AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM AND DIFFERENT FISHING TECHNIQUES IN THE VANTHAVILLUWA DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT IN PUTTALAM DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA [VALUATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS] | Marine | Mangroves | Puttalam lagoon with a mangrove cover of around 1,837 ha with 53 households in the vicinity. | Moderation of extreme events (floods) Maintenance of migratory species (nursery service) Climate regulation Nutrient cycling (sediment trapping and wastewater processing) |
Moderation of extreme events: Damage cost avoided Maintenance of migratory species: citation from Costanza (1989) and Giesen et al. (1991), benefit transfer/adaptation of other studies Climate regulation: adaptation from Ranasinghe et al (2000) Nutrient cycling: extrapolation of the estimates of Barton (1996) |
Moderation of extreme events: *Value of damage avoided to agriculture: Rs 813,930/yr (Rs, 2003) or US$ 8,481/yr or US$ 4.62/ha/yr Maintenance of migratory species: US$ 62.66/ha/yr (US$, 1989)US$ 600/ha/yr (US$, 1991) Approximate value of 1,800ha of mangroves contribution to fish productivity is Rs 106 million /yr or Rs 58,888/ha/yr or US$613/ha/yr (Rs, 2002 US$, 2002) Climate regulation: Potential values US$ 8,200/km2/yr or US$ 64-82/ha/yr (US$, 2000) Nutrient cycling: Mitigation cost of waste sink and purification of pesticide residues services: Rs 552,960/ha/yr or US$ 5,762/ha/yr (Sri Lankan rupee, 1996 US$, 1996) |
Various - see respective value in column G | Low | Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Seyam/ Hoekstra/ Ngabirano/ Savenije (2001): THE VALUE OF FRESHWATER WETLANDS IN THE ZAMBEZI BASIN | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Riparian wetlands | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Non-use values (Biodiversity) |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Market prices, benefit transfer from SARDC et al. (1994) Biodiversity: no information |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation (protected areas of Kafueflats and Banguelu): US$ 0.66/ha/yr (US$, 1990) Non-use values (Biodiversity): US$ 65.6/ha/yr (US$, 1994) |
US$, 1990 US$, 1994 |
Low | Southern Africa average 6,107 Int$ (Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi) | Rural | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| Zulkarnaini/ Mariana (2016): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MANGROVE FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN INDRAGIRI ESTUARY | Marine | Mangroves | Mangrove forest with an area of around 3.080 ha. | Erosion prevention Maintenance of genetic diversity (nursery service) Aesthetic Information, Inspiration, Spiritual Experience (Existence value) |
Erosion prevention: Contingent valuation Maintenance of biodiversity: Contingent valuation Aesthetic Information, Inspiration, Spiritual Experience: Contingent valuation |
Total economic value (direct values, indirect values, existence values: Rp 6,432,296,302/ha/yr or US$ 493,229/ha/yr Erosion prevention (abrasion barrier): Rp 68,600,000,000/yr or Rp 22,272,727.27/ha/yr or US$ 1,708/ha/yr Maintenance of biodiversity (feeding, spawning, nursery): Rp 86,799,531,305/yr or Rp 28,181,666/ha/yr or US$ 2,161/ha/yr Aesthetic Information, Inspiration, Spiritual Experience (Existence value): Rp 4,983,545/ha/yr or US$ 382.1/ha/yr |
Indonesian rupiah, 2016 US$, 2016 |
Low-medium | Indonesia: 11,149 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Martín-López/ Gómez-Baggethun/ García-Llorente (2012): TRADE-OFFS ACROSS VALUE-DOMAINS IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ASSESSMENT | Marine Freshwater |
Estuaries/ marshes Other inland wetlands Salt ponds/lagoons |
220,070 ha of valuable ecosystems of the Donana region. | Water treatment Nutrient Cycling and maintenance of soil fertility Research/Education Aesthetic Information, Inspiration, Spiritual Experience |
Contingent valuation Research: budget/expenditures Education: expenditures |
Nutrient Cycling and maintenance of soil fertility: EUR 20.6/ha/yr Maintenance of genetic biodiversity (Biological control): EUR 531.6/ha/yr Research (Scientific knowledge): EUR 6.7/ha/yr Education (Environmental education): EUR 3/ha/yr |
EUR, 2012 | Low | Spain: 34,861 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Cold |
| Garcia-Llorente/ Martín-López/ Diaz/ Montes (2011): CAN ECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES BE FULLY TRANSLATED INTO SERVICE VALUES? AN ECONOMIC VALUATION OF AQUATIC PLANT SERVICES | Marine Freshwater |
Estuaries/ marshes Other inland wetlands Salt ponds/lagoons |
220,070 ha of valuable ecosystems of the Donana region. | Climate regulation (micro-climatic regulation) | Climate regulation: Contingent valuation | Climate regulation: EUR 56.4/ha/yr |
EUR, 2011 | Low | Spain: 34,861 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Cold |
| Martín-López/ Garcia-Lorente/ Diaz/ Montes/ Palomo (2011): THE CONSERVATION AGAINST DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM IN PROTECTED AREAS: VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE DONANA SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM | Marine Freshwater |
Estuaries/marshes Other inland wetlands Salt ponds/lagoons |
220,070 ha of valuable ecosystems of the Donana region. | Water treatment Climate Regulation Erosion prevention Opportunities for tourism/recreation Spiritual Experience Aesthetic Information, Inspiration (existence value) |
Water treatment: Contingent valuation Climate regulation: Contingent valuation Erosion prevention: Contingent valuation Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Travel cost Spiritual experience: Travel cost Aesthetic Information, Inspiration: Contingent valuation |
Water treatment: EUR 104.6/ha/yr Air quality: EUR 188/ha/yr Erosion prevention: EUR 38.9/ha/yr Hydrological regulation: EUR 26.1/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Nature tourism: EUR 198.7/ha/yr Beach tourism: EUR 1680.6/ha/yr Spiritual experience: EUR 904.5/ha/yr Aesthetic Information, Inspiration: EUR 485.8/ha/yr |
EUR, 2008 | Low | Spain: 34,861 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Cold |
| Li/ Gao (2016): ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUATION OF LAKESIDE WETLAND PARK BESIDE CHAOHU LAKE IN CHINA | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Park wetland surrounding Chaohu Lake, the Lakeside Wetland Park covers an area of 1,072 km2 (the water area 262 km2) | Climate regulation (Carbon sequestration) Opportunities for tourism/recreation Aesthetic Information, Inspiration (biodiversity) |
Climate regulation: Market prices Opportunities for recreation: Contingent valuation Aesthetic Information, Inspiration: Contingent valuation |
Climate regulation (Carbon fixation and oxygen releasing value): CNY 113.6/ha/yr (US$ 18/ha /yr) Carbon fixation: CNY 79,7/ha /yr (US$ 12/ha /yr) Oxygen released value: CNY 34/ha/yr (US$ 5/ha/yr) Opportunities for recreation: CNY 78,1/ha/yr (US$ 12/ha/yr) Aesthetic Information, Inspiration: Species conservation value: CNY 21.42/ha or US$ 3.16/ha/yr Biodiversity: CNY 22,122/ha/yr or US$ 3.26/ha/yr Water conservation value: CNY 23.1/ha /yr (US$ 3.4/ha /yr) |
CNY, 2016 US$ 2016 |
High | China: 14,340 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Highly visited | Cold |
| Feeley/ Bruen/ Bullock/ Christie/ Kelly/ Remundou/ Siwicka/ Kelly-Quinn (2014): ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN FRESHWATERS | Freshwater | Lakes Rivers |
- | Water treatment Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Benefit transfer based on TEEB 2010 | Total value of lakes and rivers: US$ 1,779-13,488/ha/yr Water treatment: US$ 305-4,978/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 305-2,733/ha/yr |
US$, 2014 | Low | Not applicable (global values) | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Bateman/ Day/ Georgiou/Lake (2006): THE AGGREGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT VALUES: WELFARE MEASURES, DISTANCE DECAY AND TOTAL WTP | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands Rivers |
- | Aesthetic Information | Contingent valuation | Aesthetic value Norfolk Broads National Park preservation WTP: £ 159.7 million/yr (£ 3247 - 5270/ha/yr) |
£, 1992 | Low | UK: 41,499 Int$ | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Brander/ Brouwer/ Wagtendonk (2013): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF REGULATING SERVICES PROVIDED BY WETLANDS IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES: A META-ANALYSIS | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Meta-Analysis of 66 studies | Moderation of extreme events (floodsl) Nutrient cycling |
Meta-Analysis | Median values worldwide: Moderation of extreme events (Flood control): US$ 427/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: US$ 243/ha/yr Mean values for wetland regulating services in agricultural landscapes: Canada: US$ 223/ha/yr USA: US$ 1,490/ha/yr Mexico: US$ 2,599/ha/yr Central America and Caribbean: US$ 2,505/ha/yr Brazil: US$ 810/ha/yr Rest of South America: US$ 1,283/ha/yr North Africa: US$ 1,126/ha/yr West Africa: US$ 911/ha/yr East Africa: US$ 983/ha/yr Southern Africa: US$ 1,029/ha/yr Western Europe: US$ 2,353/ha/yr Central Europe: US$ 1,743/ha/yr Turkey: US$ 5,289/ha/yr Ukraine Region: US$ 2,089/ha/yr STANs: US$ 752/ha/yr Russia and Caucasus: US$ 297/ha/yr Middle East: US$ 914/ha/yr South Asia: US$ 5,956/ha/yr Korea Region: US$ 4,205/ha/yr China Region: US$ 1,502/ha/yr South East Asia: US$ 2,856/ha/yr Indonesia: US$ 676/ha/yr Japan: US$ 5,817/ha/yr Oceania: US$ 512/ha/yr World: US$ 978/ha/yr |
US$, 2011 | Low | Not applicable (global values) | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| De la Hera/Fornes/ Bernues (2011): ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF INLAND WETLANDS FROM THE PERSPETIVE OF THE EU NETWORK DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION IN SPAIN | Freshwater | Lakes Other inland wetlands |
- | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Contingent valuation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: EUR 80/person/yr for the recreational infrastructure that is actually used EUR 12.42/person/yr WTP for the use of the landscapeTablas de Daimiel National Park: EUR 5.67/visit |
EUR, 2011 | Low | Spain: 34,851 Int$ | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Huxham/ Emerton/ Kairo/ Munyi/ Abdirizak/ Muriuki/ Nunan/ Briers (2015): APPLYING CLIMATE COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC VALUATION TO COASTAL MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA’S MANGROVE FORESTS | Marine | Mangroves | Mangroves relatively close to an urban center. The four forests range in size from 592 to 2,351 ha | Climate regulation (Carbon sequestration) Moderation of extreme events Erosion prevention |
Climate regulation: Market price Moderation of extreme events: replacement cost Erosion prevention: citation from De Mel/Weerathunge, 2011 and Emerton, 2013) |
Climate regulation: US$ 251/ha/yr Moderation of extreme events: US$ 35/ha/yr Erosion prevention: US$ 395/ha/yr |
US$, 2014 | Medium | Kenya: 3,218 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Jenkins/ Murray/ Kramer/ Faulkner (2010): VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM WETLANDS RESTORATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | - | Climate regulation Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Climate regulation: damage cost avoided (based on IPPC 2007) Opportunities for tourism/recreation: market prices |
Climate regulation: US$ 171- 222/ha/yr Market Values: GHG mitigation: US$ 55 - 396/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Waterfowl hunting: US$ 15/ha/yr |
US$, 2009 | Low | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Cold |
| Soy Massoni/ Langemeyer/ Varga/ Saez/ Pinto (2015): THE IMPORTANCE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN COASTAL AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES: CASE STUDY FROM THE COSTA BRAVA, CATALONIA | Marine Freshwater |
Coastal ecosystems Other inland wetlands |
Agricultural land cover- 79,8%, 10,7% made by non-cultivated vegetation, 8,7% urban areas. The study area of 415 km2 includes about 130,000 inhabitants, 14% of the study area, including Mediterranean mountains, wetlands, coastline and agricultural landscapes, are protected | Moderation of extreme events (floods) Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) Aesthetic experience Cultural identity Opportunities for tourism/recreation Environmental education |
Contingent valuation | Climate regulation: EUR 8,47/person (total: 1,101,100 or EUR 26.5/ha) Moderation of extreme events: EUR 8,25/person (total: 1,072,500 or 25.8/ha) Opportunities for tourism/recreation: EUR 7,18/person (total: 933,400 or EUR 33.5/ha) Aesthetic experience: EUR 4,36/person (total: 566,800 or EUR 13.7/ha) Cultural identity: EUR 4.46 (total: 579,800 or EUR 14/ha) Environmental education: EUR 13.06/person (total: 1,697,800 or EUR 40.9/ha) |
EUR, 2015 | Medium - high | Spain: 34,861 Int$ | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Martin/ Balance/ Groves (2016): AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PERSPECTIVE FOR THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, CARBON STORAGE AND BIODIVERSITY | Marine | Marine (open sea) | Eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), an area of 21 million km2 that includes waters of 12 nations. | Opportunities for tourism/recreation (sport fishing) | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: benefit transfer (from Wade et al., 2007) | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 1.2 BLN/yr (US$ 1,655/visitor) |
US$, 2010 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Bark/ Colloff/ MacDonald/ Pollino/ Jackson/ Crossman (2016): INTEGRATED VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OBTAINED FROM RESTORING WATER TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN A MAJOR REGULATED RIVER BASIN | Freshwater | Whole river basin | The Murray-Darling basin: 1.06million km2 | Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) Nutrient cycling (moderation of acid sulphate soil formation, sediment trapping) Erosion prevention Aesthetic Information/inspiration Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Climate regulation: Market price (carbon price) Nutrient cycling: Cost avoided Erosion prevention: Cost avoided Aesthetic Information/inspiration: Hedonic pricing Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Benefit transfer |
Climate regulation: AS$ 50 million/yr or AS$ 0.47/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: Moderation of acid sulphate soil formation: AS$ 9.2 million/yr or AS$ 0.086/ha/yr Moderation of sediments: AS$ 17.8 million/yr or AS$ 0.168/ha/yr Erosion prevention: AS$ 23.7 million/yr or AS$ 0.22/ha/yr Aesthetic Information/ inspiration: AS$ 337 million/yr or AS$ 3.17/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: AS$ 107 million/yr or AS$ 1.009/ha/yr |
AU$, 2015 | Low | Australia: 47,644 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Various |
| Z.M. Chen/ G.Q. Chen/ B. Chen/J.B. Zhou/ Yang/ Y. Zhou (2007): NET ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUE OF WETLAND: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNT | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Beijing wetland andSanyang wetlands | Water/sewage treatment Climate regulation Moderation of extreme events (floods) Non-use values (biodiversity) |
Sewage treatment: avoided costs, contingent valuation, hedonic pricing, market prices, production function approach, replacement cost and travel cost Climate regulation: market prices Moderation of extreme events: replacement cost Non-use values: Benefit transfer from Tong (2012) |
Sewage treatment: *Beijing wetland: $ 131,948/ha/yr *Mean wetland: $ 4,902/ha/yr *Sanyang wetland: $ 854/ha/yr Climate regulation: *Beijing wetland: $238/ha/yr (GHG emissions) *Mean wetland: $ 156/ha/yr *Sanyang wetland: $ 48/ha/yr Moderation of extreme events: *Beijing wetland: $ 249/ha/yr *Mean wetland: $ 5,344/ha/yr *Sanyang wetland: $ 278/ha/yr Non-use values: *Beijing wetland: $ 35/ha/yr *Mean wetland: $ 357/ha/yr *Sanyang wetland: $ 128/ha/yr |
US$, 2007 | High | China: 14,340 Int$ | Urban catchment | No | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Badola/ Hussain (2005): VALUING ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE STORM PROTECTION FUNCTION OF BHITARKANIKA MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM, INDIA | Marine | Mangroves | Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem: 145 km2 Bhitarkanika conservation area: 3,000km2 Villages situated around Bhitarkanika mangrove forests mean area: 113.3 ha | Moderation of extreme events | Damage cost avoided | Moderation of extreme events: 0.34 - 1.65 US$/ha/yr Value of the storm protection function per hectare of the Bhitarkanika saltwater wetlands US$ 57.50/ha |
US$, 2004 | Low | India: 6,187 Int$ | Rural | No | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Emerton/Huxham/ Bournazel/ Priyantha Kumara (2016): VALUING ECOSYSTEMS AS AN ECONOMIC PART OF CLIMATE-COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENT INFRACTRUCTURE IN COASTAL ZONES OF KENYA SRI LANKA | Marine | Mangroves | Puttalam Lagoon, Sri Lanka: 33km2, mangroves: 731ha Kwale Coastline, Kenya:5,600 ha |
Climate regulation Moderation of extreme events (protection against saline intrusion) Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Climate regulation: Market prices Moderation of extreme events: mitigative expenditures, replacement cost Opportunities for tourism/recreation: no information |
Moderation of extreme events: US$ 256/ha/yr (Sri Lanka) US$ 35/ha/yr (Kenya) Erosion prevention: US$ 395/ha/yr (Kenya) Climate regulation: US$ 251/ha/yr (Kenya) Opportunities for tourism/recreation: US$ 41/ha/yr (Kenya) |
US$, 2014 | High | Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ Kenya: 3,218 Int$ |
Various | Various | Various | Warm |
| Van der Ploeg, de Groot, Wang (2010): THE TEEB VALUATION DATABASE: OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURE, DATA AND RESULTS | Marine Freshwater |
Marine (open sea) Coral reefs Coastal ecosystems Coastal wetlands Other inland wetlands Lakes |
Summary of 132 studies | Total values (all ecosystem services) | Meta-Analysis | Total of ecosystem services: Marine: Int$ 49/ha/yr Coral reefs: Int$ 105,126/ha/yr Coastal ecosystems: Int$ 27,948/ha/yr Coastal wetlands: Int$ 47,542/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int$ 15,752/ha/yr Lakes: Int$ 7,433/ha/yr |
International $, 2007 | Various | Not applicable (global values) | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Rouquette/ Posthumus/ Gowing/ Hess/ Tucker/ Dawson/ Morris (2009): VALUING NATURE-CONSERVATION INTERESTS ON AGRICULTURAL FLOODPLAINS | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Agriculturally used | Aesthetic Information | Contingent valuation | Floodplain meadow + grazing marsh: £ 19.64/ha/yr |
£, 2009 | High | UK: 41,499 Int$ | Various | Yes | Various | Various |
| Bann (1997): AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE MANGROVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN KOH KONG PROVINCE, CAMBODIA | Marine | Mangroves | 63,700 ha of mangroves in the Koh Kong province, case study area: 12,000 ha | Moderation of extreme events | Moderation of extreme events: damage cost avoided, mitigative expenditures | Moderation of extreme events: US$ 32/ha/yr |
US$, 1997 | Low | Cambodia: 3,498 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Breaux/ Farber/ Day (1995): USING NATURAL COASTAL WETLANDS SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: AN ECONOMIC BENEFIT ANALYSIS | Marine | Coastal wetlands (salt marshes) | Coastal wetlands in Louisiana | Water/sewage treatment | Replacement cost | Water/sewage treatment: US$785 (US$ 1.939 - 95,112/ha/yr) (minimum value) |
US$, 1995 | Low | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Costanza/ d’Arge/ de Groot/ Farer/ Grasso/ Hannon/ Limburg/ Naeem/ O’neill/ Paruelo/ Raskin/ Sutton/ van den Belt (1997): THE VALUE OF THE WORLD’S ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND NATURAL CAPITAL | Marine Freshwater |
Marine (open sea) Marine (shelf) Estuaries Seagrass beds/meadows Coral reefs Other inland wetlands Mangroves Swamps/ floodplains Lakes Rivers |
Global estimates | Climate regulation Moderation of extreme events Nutrient cycling Water/sewage treatment Biological control Maintenance of genetic biodiversity Opportunities for tourism/recreation Cultural Identity |
Global estimates from several studies | Climate regulation: Marine (open sea): US$ 38/ha/yr Wetlands: US$ 133/ha/yr Swamps/ floodplains: US$ 265/ha/yr Moderation of extreme events: Marine (shelf): US$ 88/ha/yr Estuaries: US$ 567/ha/yr Coral reefs: US$ 2,750/ha/yr Wetlands: US$ 4,539/ha/yr Mangroves: US$ 1,839/ha/yr Swamps/floodplains: US$ 7,240/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: Marine (open sea): US$ 118/ha/yr Marine (shelf): US$ 3,667/ha/yr Estuaries: US$ 21,100/ha/yr Seagrass beds/meadows: US$ 19,002/ha/yr Wastewater treatment: Coral reefs: US$ 58/ha/yr Wetlands: US$ 4,117/ha/yr Mangroves: US$ 6,696/ha/yr Swamps/floodplains: US$ 1,659/ha/yr Lakes/rivers: US$ 665/ha/yr Biological control: Marine (open ocean): US$ 5/ha/yr Marine (shelf): US$ 38/ha/yr Estuaries: US$ 78/ha/yr Coral reefs: US$ 5/ha/yr Maintenance of genetic biodiversity: Marine (shelf): US$ 8/ha/yr Estuaries: US$ 131/ha/yr Coral reefs: US$ 7/ha/yr Wetlands: US$304/ha/yr Mangroves: US$ 169/ha/yr Swamps/floodplains: US$439/ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Marine (shelf): US$ 82/ha/yr Estuaries: US$ 381/ha/yr Coral reefs: US$ 3,008/ha/yr Wetlands: US$574/ha/yr Mangroves: US$ 668/ha/yr Swamps/floodplains: US$491/ha/yr Lakes/rivers: US$ 230/ha/yr Cultural: Marine (open ocean): US$ 76/ha/yr Marine (shelf): US$ 62/ha/yr Estuaries: US$ 29/ha/yr Coral reefs: US$ 1/ha/yr Wetlands: US$881/ha/yr Swamps/floodplains: US$1,761/ha/yr |
US$, 1994 | Various | Not applicable | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| King/Lester (1995): THE VALUE OF SALT MARSH AS A SEA DEFENCE | Marine | Salt marshes | Coast of east Anglia (Essex) | Moderation of extreme events Aesthetic information Opportunities for tourism/recreation (hunting) |
Moderation of extreme events: damage cost avoided Aesthetic value: donation Opportunities for tourism/recreation: no information |
Moderation of extreme events: First 6m width beside the sea wall: £ 1,500-3,500/m length Next 24m of salt marsh: £ 700/m length of the wall (£ 30/m2) Next 30m: £10/m2 Outer 20m: £ 5/m2 Capital savings: £ 30-60/m2 Maintenance savings: £ 0.6/m2 Aesthetic value: £ 0.02-0.05/m2/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Hunting fowl: £ 493/ha/yr |
£, 1995 | High | UK: 41,499 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Rarely visited | Cold |
| Leschine/ Wellman/ Green (1997): THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF WETLANDS. WETLAND’S ROLE IN FLOOD PROTECTION IN WESTERN WASHINGTON | Freshwater | Other inland wetlands | Lynwood and Renton wetlands | Moderation of extreme events (floods) | Replacement cost | Lynnwood and Renton: US$36,000/acre/yr - US$51,000/acre/yr or US$ 900,000/ha/yr -127,500/ha/yr North Scriber Creek wetland value for flood attenuation: US$8,000- US$ 12,000/acre/yr or US$ 20,000- 30,000/ha/yr |
US$, 1997 | Central Puget Sound Watershed: high | Washington: 62,213 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Ruitenbeek (1992): MANGROVE MANAGEMENT: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS WITH A FOCUS ON BINTUNI BAY, IRIAN JAYA | Marine | Mangroves | Area of 2,943,000 ha | Erosion prevention | Erosion prevention: contingent valuation | Erosion prevention: US$ 1728/ha/yr |
US$, 1992 | Low | Indonesia: 11,149 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Sathirathai (1998): ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MANGROVES AND THE ROLES OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: CASE STUDY OF SURAT THANI, SOUTH OF THAILAND | Marine | Mangroves | Surat Thani Province mangroves: 400 ha | Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (nursery service) Erosion prevention (coastal protection) Climate regulation (carbon sequestration) |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: production function approach Erosion prevention: replacement cost Climate regulation: market prices, benefit transfer |
Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: US$ 4,292.3/rai/yr - US$ 5,725/rai/yr or US$ 686.7/ha/yr to 916/ha/yr Erosion prevention: US$ 478.6/rai/yr or US$ 76.6/ha/yr Climate regulation: US$ 13.7/rai/yr or US$ 2.2/ha/yr |
US$, 1998 | Low | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Mathieu/ Langford/ Kenyon (2003): VALUING MARINE PARKS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE STUDY OF SEYCHELLES | Marine | Marine (open sea) Coral reefs |
Seychelles’ archipelago: 115 islands, 445km2 Marine protected areas: 23,000 ha |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Contingent valuation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Coral reefs: US$2,000 total consumer surplus per visitor in marine protected areas of 23,000ha (0,85 US$/ha) |
US$, 2003 | Not applicable | Seychelles: 26,677 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Rolfe/Gregg/Tucker (2011): VALUING RECREATION IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRLIA | Marine | Coral reefs | - | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Contingent valuation | Mean WTP for the GBR activities models: Beach: $ 64/person/trip Islands: $ 331/person/trip Fish, boat, sail: $ 183/person/trip |
US$, 2010 | Not applicable | Australia: 47,644 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| De Groot/ Brander/ van der Ploeg/ Costanza/ Bernard/ Braat/ Christie/ Crossman/ Ghermandi/ Hein/ Hussain/ Kumar/ McVittie/ Portela/ Rodriguez/ ten Brink/ van Beukering (2012):GLOBAL ESTIMATES OF THE VALUE OF ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR SERVICES IN MONETARY UNITS | Marine Freshwater |
Marine (open sea) Coral reefs Coastal wetlands Other inland wetlands Lakes |
Meta-Analysis of 300 case studies. | Climate regulation Water/sewage treatment Erosion prevention Nutrient cycling Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (Nursery service) Maintenance of genetic diversity Aesthetic Information Recreation Inspiration Spiritual experience/cognitive development |
Meta-Analysis | Climate regulation: Marine: Int’l$ 65/ha/yr Coral reefs: Int’l$ 1,188/ha/yr Coastal systems: Int’l$ 479/ha/yr Coastal wetlands: Int’l$ 65/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 488/ha/yr Water/sewage treatment: Coral reefs: Int’l$ 85/ha/yr Coastal wetlands: Int’l$ 162,125/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 3,015/ha/yr Erosion prevention: Coral reefs: Int’l$ 153,214/ha/yr Coastal systems: Int’l$ 25,368/ha/yr Coastal wetlands: Int’l$ 3,929/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 2,607/ha/yr Nutrient cycling: Coastal wetlands: Int’l$ 45/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 1,713/ha/yr Nursery service: Coastal systems: Int’l$ 194/ha/yr Coastal wetlands: Int’l$ 10,648 Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 1,287/ha/yr Maintenance of genetic diversity: Marine: Int’l$ 5/ha/yr Coral reefs: Int’l$ 16,210 Coastal systems: Int’l$ 180/ha/yr Coastal wetlands: Int’l$ 6,490/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 1,168 Aesthetic Information: Coral reefs: Int’l$ 11,390/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 1,292/ha/yr Recreation: Marine: Int’l$ 319/ha/yr Coral reefs: Int’l$ 96,302/ha/yr Coastal systems: Int’l$ 256/ha/yr Coastal wetlands Int’l$ 2,193/ha/yr Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 2,211/ha/yr Fresh water: Int’l$ 2,166/ha/yr Inspiration: Inland wetlands: Int’l$ 700/ha/yr Spiritual experience: Coastal systems: Int’l$ 21/ha/yr Cognitive development: Coral reefs: Int’l$ 1,145/ha/yr Coastal systems: Int’l$ 21/ha/yr |
International $, 2007 | Various | Not applicable | Various | Various | Various | Various |
| Emerton (ed.) (2005): VALUES AND REWARDS: COUNTING AND CAPTURING ECOSYSTEM WATER SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [REAM NATIONAL PARK CASE STUDY] | Marine | Mangroves | 1,800 ha of mangroves, with a total volume of 111,645 m3, located in Ream National Park (21,000 ha). | Erosion prevention | Benefit Transfer (Christensen, B. 1982:Management and Utilization of Mangroves in Asia and the Pacific. FAO). | Erosion prevention: total net value $219,600 a year, or $122/ha/year |
US$, 1982 | Medium | Cambodia: 3,498 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Somda, J. and A. J. Nianogo (2010): TEEB case_Wetland valuation changes policy perspectives, Burkina Faso. Supplemented by Somda, J., Zonon, A., Ouadba, J.M., et Huberman, D. : Valeur économique de la vallée du Sourou : Une évaluation préliminaire. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Bureau Régional.72 pp. | Freshwater | Whole river basin Riparian wetlands (managed) |
Sourou Valley: a 120 km long river stretch, of which 40 km in Burkina Faso (and the rest in Mali), with 302,000 ha of agricultural land (30,000 ha estimated arable) and 50-100,000 ha of floodable areas. | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: market prices. | Total value (including provisioning services): 32,768 CFA Fr./ha/yr Opportunities for tourism/recreation: 170,5 CFA Fr./ha/yr |
CFA Francs, 2009 | Low | Democratic Republic of the Congo: 767 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Medium | Warm |
| Traoré, C. O. et Maïga, A. I. (2012), Valeur économique de la vallée du Sourou au Mali : Evaluation préliminaire. Rapport final. In : UICN PACO (2013) Synthèse comparative des études de cas sur l’évaluation économique des biens et services des écosystèmes des zones humides en Afrique de l’Ouest | Freshwater | Whole river basin Other inland wetlands (managed) |
Sourou Valley (Mali): 1,540,000 ha | Opportunities for tourism/recreation. | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Benefit Transfer (from Sourou Valley, Burkina Faso) | Total value (including provisioning services): 14,571 CFA Fr./ha Opportunities for tourism/recreation: 170,5 CFA Fr./ha/a |
CFA Francs, 2012 | Low | Mali: 1,696 Int$ Burkina Faso: 2,028 Int$ |
Rural | Yes | Rarely visited | Warm |
| Biai, J. et Da Silva, A. S. (2011), «Valeur économique du Parc Naturel du Fleuve Cacheu, dans la région de Cacheu en Guinée-Bissau». Bissau. In : UICN PACO (2013) Synthèse comparative des études de cas sur l’évaluation économique des biens et services des écosystèmes des zones humides en Afrique de l’Ouest | Marine | Coastal wetlands | Parc Naturel des Tarrafes du Fleuve Cacheu (PNTC), Guinée Bissau: 88,615 ha | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Opportunities for tourism/recreation: Benefit Transfer (from PNBC) Climate regulation (carbon sequestration): Benefit transfer (from Parc National de l’Ivindo, Gabon) |
Total value (including provisioning services): 130,398 CFA Fr./ha/a Climate regulation (carbon sequestration): 22,178 CFA Fr./ha/yr |
CFA Francs, 2011 | Low | Guinea-Bissau: 1,511 Int$ | Rural | No | Highly visited | Warm |
| Dieme, B. et Coly, A. (2011), Valeur économique du parc national de la Basse Casamance au Sénégal. Rapport final. In : UICN PACO (2013) Synthèse comparative des études de cas sur l’évaluation économique des biens et services des écosystèmes des zones humides en Afrique de l’Ouest | Marine | Coastal wetlands | Parc Naturel de la Basse Casamance (PNBC), Sénégal: 5,000 ha | Total Value Climate Regulation |
Climate regulation (carbon sequestration): Benefit transfer (from Parc National de l’Ivindo, Gabon) | Total value (including provisioning services): 3,005,555 CFA Fr./ha Climate regulation (carbon sequestration): 22,178 CFA Fr./ha/a |
CFA Francs, 2011 | Low | Senegal: 2,456 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Cross, K. and Foerster, J. 2011: TEEB case_Environmental Flow Assessment taking into account the value of ecosystem services, Pangani River Basin, Tanzania. Mainly based on PBWO/IUCN 2009 and Turpie et al. 2005. | Freshwater | Mangroves | Kirua Swamp, Pangani estuary (759 hectares, mostly mangroves: 753 ha) | Water/sewage treatment | Benefit Transfer and literature. | Water/sewage treatment: Tsh 73 million per year from 753 ha mangroves (96, 946 Tsh/ha/yr) |
Tsh, 2009 | Low | Tanzania: 2,910 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Van Beukering et al. 2007: The economic value of Guam’s coral reefs | Marine | Coral Reefs | Coral Reefs surrounding Guam (fringing reefs, patch reefs, submerged reefs, offshore banks, and a barrier reef), ca. 110 km². | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Non-use values (biodiversity) |
Tourism/recreation: market and non-market values (Choice Experiments) Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection): damage costs Non-use values (biodiversity): research programmes/expenditures |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation: 112.9 million US$/a total (ca. 1 million/US$/km²/a) Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection): 8,40 million US$/a (total) Non-use values (biodiversity): 2 million US$/a (total) |
US$, 2007 | Low | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Van Beukering et al. 2006: The Economic Value of the Coral Reefs of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands | Marine | Coral Reefs | 45 km² of fringing and/or barrier reef systems. |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection) Non-use values (biodiversity) |
Tourism/recreation: market and non-market values (CE) Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection): damage costs Non-use values (biodiversity): research programmes/expenditures |
Opportunities for tourism/recreation: 51 million US$/a total (ca. 1.1 million/US$/km²/a) Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection): 8,04 million US$/a (total) Non-use values (biodiversity): 0.8 million US$/a (total) |
US$, 2006 | Low | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Cesar, H./van Beukering, P./Pintz, S. and Dieking, J. 2002: Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawaii | Marine | Coral Reefs | 2,536 km² of coral reefs of the main Hawaiian islands. | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Non-use values (biodiversity) |
Tourism/recreation: market and non-market values (Effects on Production Method, Travel Costs and CVM) Non-use values (biodiversity): research programmes/expenditures |
Tourism/recreation: 344 million US$/a total Non-use values (biodiversity): 17 million US$/a |
US$, 2002 | Medium | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Gutierrez/ Akester/ Naranjo (2016): PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE HUMBOLDT CURRENT LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM | Marine | Marine (open sea) | The HCLME covers an area of 2.6 million km2 (260 million hectares). | Total value Regulating Services - climate regulation, water treatment, maintenance of life cycles of migratory species Cultural Services - opportunities for tourism/recreation, research and education, aesthetic Information/Inspiration values |
All services evaluated using data from previous studies/benefit transfers (based on Costanza 2014). |
HCLME total economic value: US$ 19,459 million/a (US$ 0.07/ha/a) (2015 values) Regulating Services (climate regulation, water treatment, maintenance of life cycles of migratory species): US$ 2,148 million/a (US$ 0.01/ha/a) (2015 values) Cultural Services (opportunities for tourism/recreation, research and education, aesthetic Information/inspiration values): US$ 6,448 million/a (US$ 0.03/ha/a) (2015 values). |
US$, 2015 |
Low | Chile: 23,507 Int $ Peru: 12,518 Int$ Average HCLME: 18,013 Int$ |
Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Cold |
| Grabowski, J. H. et al. 2012: Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Oyster Reefs | Marine | Oyster Reefs | Oyster Reefs in the USA | Total value Water/sewage treatment Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (nursery service) Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection) |
Regulating Services - water treatment (nitrogen removal): avoided costs maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: calculation using data from other studies Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection): avoided costs, replacement costs |
Total economic value of oyster reef services, excluding oyster harvesting: US$5,500 to US$99,000/ha/a Regulating Services - water treatment (nitrogen removal): 4,050 US$/ha/a maintenance of life cycles of migratory species: 4,123 US$/ha/a Moderation of extreme events (coastal protection): US$ 1 - 1,5 million/a/ha |
US$, 2011 | Low | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Rarely visitied | Cold |
| Unsworth RL/ Cullen J/ Pretty DS/ Bell J 2010: Economic and subsistence values of the standing stocks of seagrass fisheries: Potential benefits of no-fishing marine protected area management. | Marine | Seagrass beds | Islands of Hoga and Kaledupa within the Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia, 1.39 million ha (including 3 sites: a maribe protected area, a lightly fished and a heavily fished site) | Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (Nursery service) Maintenance of genetic diversity |
Non-use values: fish, invertebrates and household surveys | US$ 97.5 +/- 41.4/ha/a | USD, 2009 | Low | Indonesia: 11,149 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Medium visited | Warm |
| Costanza R/ Farber S/ Maxwell J 1989: Valuation and management of wetlands ecosystems. | Marine | Wetlands | Louisiana, United States; saltmarsh-aquatic, brackish marsh-aquatic, fresh marsh-aquatic | Moderation of Extreme Events Opportunities for tourism/recreation |
Avoided Cost Method/ Travel Cost Method/ Contingent Valuation | Total value of an average acre of natural wetlands in Louisiana are US $2429-6400 per acre (assuming an 8% discount rate) to $8977-17000 per acre (assuming a 3% discount rate). A) Per-acre value (USD) at 8% discount rate Trapping: US$ 151/ acre Recreation: US$ 46/ acre Storm protection: US$ 1915/ acre A) Per-acre value (USD) at 3% discount rate Trapping: US$ 401/ acre Recreation: US$ 181/ acre Storm protection: US$ 7549/ acre | USD, 1983 | Medium | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Barbier EB 2015: Valuing the storm protection service of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. | Marine | Mangroves | Thailand | Moderation of Extreme Events | Meta-analysis Expected damage Replacement/ substitute costs | Based on FAO estimates from 1990-2000 data annual average mangrove loss of 18km2 Replacement Cost: annual welfare loss 14,169 US$/ha; net present value 67,610-81,601 US$/ha/a. Expected Damages: annual welfare loss 1,879 US$/ha; net present value 89,657-108,210 US$/ha/a. Based on Thailand estimates from various Royal Thailand Forestry Department sources; data are estimated from an annual average mangrove loss of 3.44km2 Replacement Cost: annual welfare loss 14,156 US$/ha; net present value 67,547-81,525 US$/ha/a. Expected Damages: annual welfare loss 1,877 US$/ha; net present value 89,573-108,110 US$/ha/a. |
USD, 2004 | Various | Thailand: 16,130 Int$ | Urban catchement | Yes | Highly visited | Warm |
| Johnston RJ/ TA Grigalunas/ JJ Opaluch/ M Mazzota/ J Diamantedes 2002: Valuing estuarine resource services using economic and ecological models: the Peconic Estuary System study. | Marine | Estuary/ Lagoon/ Intertidal | Peconic Estuary System of Suffolk County, NY, United States | Opportunities for tourism/recreation Maintenance of life cycles of migratory species (Nursery service) Maintenance of genetic diversity |
Travel Cost Method | $22,343.31/acre/year: Annual recreational value per acre of the Peconic Estuary System
$1,470/acre/year: Annual habitat value of the Peconic Estuary System |
USD, 2001 | Medium | USA: 56,084 Int$ | Urban catchment | Yes | Highly | Cold |
| Berg H/ Ohman M/ Troeng S/ Linden O 1998: Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka | Marine | Coral reefs | Sri Lanka | Opportunities for tourism/recreation | Contingent Valuation | Annual net value tourism $214,000/km2/year | USD, 1997 | Low | Sri Lanka: 10,590 Int$ | Rural | Yes | Highly visited | Warn |